Nathan Fielder: A History

Nathan Fielder

What happens when someone's coping mechanism becomes so complete that it replaces the person who needed to cope?

Nathan Fielder is a bit of an enigma. If you have watched Nathan For You, The Rehearsal, or The Curse, you know that he has a very specific brand of comedy that is very strange and uncomfortable to many. He plays a character on the level of Andy Kaufman, and in this piece we will dissect his history, his character, and what all this really means if anything at all.

Note: We refer to Nathan Fielder as AMNF (Actual Man Nathan Fielder) and his character as CNF (Character Nathan Fielder)

Introduction

What started as some business consulting segments turned into one of the weirdest examinations of identity and comedy and human experience that I have ever seen. Here I try to break down the arc of Actual Man Nathan Fielder as he becomes Character Nathan Fielder and leans in further, and look at if he is actually just a character to himself.

ASIDE

Nathan For You: The Establishment of AMNF vs CNF

What It Says It Is

πŸ“Ί Business Help Show
Expert arrives to help struggling small business
Standard format: consultant analyzes problem β†’ provides solution β†’ business improves
vs.

What It Actually Is

🎭 Comedy Central Show
Comedian with business degree suggests absurd solutions
Nathan's format: real problem β†’ ridiculous solution β†’ commit completely

Case Study: The Poop Flavored Yogurt

1
The Problem: Froyo shop needs more customers
2
Nathan's Solution: Offer poop-flavored frozen yogurt
3
The Commitment: Hires lab to formulate safe poop-tasting formula
4
The Result: Customers order it, taste it: "This tastes like shit."
Response: "Well, you did order poop ice cream."

The Evolution of Nathan's Methodology

The Pattern Emerges: Start with real problems, apply obsessive logic, commit completely to elaborate execution, then discover that human connection matters more than business success. Nathan's schemes function as social experiments exposing truths about capitalism, loneliness, and the performances we all enact daily.
The Evolution Timeline: From "The Hunk" establishing fake shows within shows, to "Dumb Starbucks" breaking into reality and becoming actual news, to "Smokers Allowed" creating performance-based legal loopholes, to "The Movement" manufacturing actual cultural phenomena, to "The Anecdote" showing Nathan playing Nathan playing Nathan, to "The Richards Tip" demonstrating his willingness to train for months for a single moment - each episode builds Nathan's toolkit for reality manipulation. These aren't just comedy bits; they're experiments in how far constructed reality can intrude upon and reshape actual reality. By the time we reach The Rehearsal, Nathan has all the tools needed to completely dissolve the boundary between performance and life.
The Recursive Identity Loop: "The Anecdote" represents a crucial turning point where Nathan's performance becomes explicitly self-referential. He's no longer just CNF helping businesses - he's CNF creating experiences for AMNF to perform as himself. When he appears on Jimmy Kimmel, we're watching Nathan play a character playing himself telling a "true" story that was manufactured for the telling. This recursive loop would later manifest in his appearances on other shows like "How To with John Wilson," where the question of which Nathan is present becomes unanswerable.

Not Typical Cringe Comedy

Typical Cringe: "I am doing something uncomfortable β†’ you feel uncomfortable β†’ ha ha"
Nathan's Method: Complete deadpan commitment β†’ pulls strange interactions from real people β†’ genuine confusion/absurdity

When Comedy Becomes Reality

The Problem: Several Nathan for You segments went legitimately viral during filming
The Effect: Real businesses got real attention, blurring the line between "comedy show" and actual business consulting
The Question: Is Nathan playing a character, or is this just how Nathan is?

The Birth of CNF from AMNF

AMNF (Actual Man Nathan Fielder):
  • Genuine business education from University of Victoria
  • Real social awkwardness
  • Authentic dedication to completing tasks
  • Sincere belief in his problem-solving abilities
↓
Early CNF (Character Nathan Fielder):
  • AMNF traits amplified for television
  • Awkwardness becomes performance tool
  • Business knowledge weaponized for comedy
  • Commitment becomes extreme dedication to absurdity

The Central Question: Where Does Nathan End and "Nathan" Begin?

The Fundamental Problem

Is Nathan playing a character? Or is that just him? When he does press, he never breaks character. But what if there's no character to break?

The Investigation

Historical Consistency:
People have dug into his past. Pictures of him as an awkward teen look exactly like the way he's awkward now. Same mannerisms, same social positioning, same deadpan delivery.
Press Appearances:
In interviews, podcasts, public appearances - he maintains the exact same persona. No "breaking character" moments, no winking at the audience, no "real Nathan" emerging.
Peer Testimony:
People who knew him before fame (including Seth Rogen from high school improv) describe him as essentially the same person he appears to be on screen.

The Deeper Issue

The Paradox:
It seems definitive that he's playing a character. But the "I think" qualifier is still WILD. It's a character that appears to be a very thin augmentation of his actual self.
The Identity Problem:
If you play a character so often and for so long, doesn't that kind of become you? What does it even mean to "be a person" when the performance and the self become indistinguishable?
That these questions are even raised is what makes Nathan's work compelling. Even during the original Nathan for You run (2013-2017), these philosophical implications were present.

The Disappearance

What happened during the gap?
Nathan largely disappeared from public view (at least for many viewers). He did some behind-the-scenes work on other people's projects, but no major solo work. The questions about his identity and performance seemingly went dormant... until they exploded back to life with The Rehearsal.
ASIDE

The Rehearsal - When Performance Becomes Reality

The New Premise

After five years away, Nathan returns with a deceptively simple idea: Big moments in life are stressful. What if we could rehearse for them?

But this isn't really about helping other people anymore. This is Nathan trying to figure out how other people approach things in life - how they make connections, how they handle difficult conversations, how they navigate moments that feel impossible. He's moved from trying not to feel alone to actively studying other people to see if he can learn something about being human from watching them.

The sales pitch is the same - it's presented as a helpful show where Nathan uses his business background and elaborate methods to solve people's problems. But the rehearsals aren't really for them. They're for Nathan. He's creating controlled environments where he can observe authentic human behavior, study how people connect, and maybe figure out what he's been missing.

The Obsessive Detail

What becomes immediately clear in the first episode is the sheer intensity of Nathan's approach. This isn't just "let's practice your conversation" - this is laser-scanning apartments to create perfect replicas, hiring actors to play every single person who might be present, creating conversation flowcharts with multiple branching paths for every possible response.
The level of detail is almost disturbing in its completeness. Nathan doesn't just want to help someone practice telling the truth - he wants to create an entire alternate reality where every variable is controlled, every outcome is rehearsed, every human interaction is scripted and perfected. The obsession with getting every detail exactly right reveals something about Nathan's relationship with authenticity: he can only approach real human connection through elaborate artifice.

The Shift: From Helping Others to Self-Examination

What begins as helping someone else with their problem gradually becomes something else entirely. As the show progresses, it becomes clear that Nathan is using "rehearsal" as a vehicle to explore his own questions about identity, authenticity, and human connection. The show becomes an ouroboros - Nathan rehearsing being Nathan.
The Core Questions Emerge:
  • What is reality when everything can be perfectly replicated?
  • Who are we when we can rehearse being ourselves?
  • What does it mean to be human when human interaction becomes scripted?
  • If you practice authenticity, does it cease to be authentic?

The Evolution from Nathan for You

The Rehearsal is both very different from Nathan for You and exactly the same. The commitment to the bit is still extreme, the deadpan delivery intact, but now the "bit" is Nathan's own existence. Where Nathan for You asked "Is Nathan playing a character?", The Rehearsal asks "What happens when Nathan uses that character to figure out who he really is?"

The COVID Pivot - When Character Becomes Person

The Forced Evolution

COVID-19 hits during production, fundamentally altering the show's trajectory. What was designed as a controlled experiment in rehearsing life becomes an uncontrolled experiment in living. The external world forces Nathan to abandon his carefully constructed scenarios and confront something more immediate and real.

The Parenting Rehearsal

Nathan begins exploring scenarios around family and parenting - territory that's deeply personal and impossible to fully script. Unlike business advice or social interactions, parenting touches something fundamental about identity, legacy, and human connection that can't be reduced to conversation flowcharts.
The Child Actor Rotation
As Nathan "rehearses" being a father, he works with different child actors playing his "son." When one child doesn't fit his vision or becomes unavailable, he brings in another. The children form attachments to Nathan as a father figure during their time on the show, then transition out when their participation ends.
The Father Figure Dynamic
Nathan plays a father figure to these children for extended periods, creating genuine emotional connections while operating within the framework of a television production. The children experience real attachment to Nathan during filming, while Nathan explores his own capacity for parental connection through these interactions.
Real Families in Constructed Scenarios
Nathan's "rehearsals" involve real families with real children whose lives become integrated into his experimental framework. He's simultaneously exploring his own capacity for connection while working with authentic family dynamics. The interactions serve both as genuine human experiences and as material for his show.
The Oregon Transportation: Recreating Home
Nathan physically transports the replica set from the first episode all the way to Oregon. This constructed environment, originally built to help someone else, becomes a space where Nathan can access authentic emotion and feel at home.
The Constructed Comfort: Nathan finds that the artificial environment he built provides him with a sense of home and emotional authenticity that he struggles to access elsewhere. The replica becomes more real to him than reality.
The Intersection of Performance and Development:
Nathan's exploration of parenthood involves real children experiencing genuine relationships within constructed scenarios. These children form authentic attachments while participating in Nathan's identity experiment. The question emerges: what happens when someone's psychological exploration becomes another person's formative experience?

The Collapse of AMNF vs CNF

The Problem: When Nathan starts "rehearsing" being a parent, the distinction between his character and himself becomes impossible to maintain. You can't fake-parent for an extended period without it affecting who you actually are.
The Reality: The character changes Nathan experiences while grappling with family scenarios are very real. He's not performing fatherhood for comedy - he's using the framework of performance to explore genuine questions about family, connection, and his own capacity for intimacy.
The Paradox: Nathan is simultaneously using his show to explore authentic human experience while being filmed for television. The most genuine moments of self-discovery are happening within the most artificial construct possible.

The Complete Ouroboros

By this point, Nathan isn't helping other people rehearse their lives - he's using other people to rehearse his own. The show becomes an investigation into Nathan's capacity for authentic human connection, conducted through the most inauthentic means possible. The "rehearsal" becomes the reality, and the reality becomes impossible to distinguish from performance.
The central question is no longer "Is Nathan playing a character?" but "Can Nathan stop playing a character long enough to figure out who he actually is?"

Setting the Stage

The Rehearsal transforms Nathan from a comedian with an unusual approach into something resembling a postmodern performance artist conducting live experiments in identity construction. The questions raised here about authenticity, performance, and the construction of self would set the stage for his next evolution.
ASIDE

The Rehearsal Season 2: Performance as Advocacy

The Final Evolution: When Character Becomes Everything

The Rehearsal Season 2 presents itself as Nathan's pivot toward airline safety advocacy. He's discovered a genuine problem: pilots don't effectively communicate in moments of crisis, with first officers often knowing something is wrong but failing to call out the captain. It's a real issue that costs lives.

Nathan finds Robert Bent, a former NTSB investigator who spent years trying to convince the government that pilots needed roleplay training. Bent's frustration with bureaucratic inaction mirrors Nathan's own relationship with being heard and understood. Together, they create "Wings of Voice," a reality show testing pilot communication under pressure.

The show becomes simultaneously hilarious and genuinely advocative. Nathan is surfacing real problems that pilots discuss constantly, using his platform for authentic social impact while maintaining his comedic framework. This appears to be Nathan's most socially conscious work yet.


Then comes the devastating finale reveal:
"TWO YEARS EARLIER."
This isn't just a timestamp; it's a narrative detonation. The reveal exposes that his entire advocacy narrative was not a spontaneous evolution but a meticulously constructed two-year project. Nathan hadn't just stumbled into activism; he had architected it, crafting not merely a show about communication but an elaborate meta-narrative of his own supposed transformation. Every displayed moment of genuine concern, every empathetic nod, was a calculated beat in a gripping story designed to showcase a profound personal shiftβ€”a performance of becoming.

But the most telling moment is Nathan deleting a voicemail about his brain scan results without listening. This isn't anxiety - it's Nathan actively choosing to remain his constructed character rather than receive medical information that might help him understand his actual self. The voicemail represents AMNF's last chance, offering clinical insight into his neurodivergence that might provide genuine self-understanding.

Instead, Nathan chooses CNF. He deletes the message to preserve the character he's become rather than risk learning who he actually is. CNF hasn't just consumed AMNF - Nathan is now actively participating in AMNF's erasure, choosing performance over diagnosis, constructed identity over authentic self-knowledge.

But the most telling moment is Nathan deleting a voicemail about his brain scan results without listening. This isn't anxiety - it's Nathan actively choosing to remain his constructed character rather than receive medical information that might help him understand his actual self. The voicemail represents AMNF's last chance, offering clinical insight into his neurodivergence that might provide genuine self-understanding.

Instead, Nathan chooses CNF. He deletes the message to preserve the character he's become rather than risk learning who he actually is. CNF hasn't just consumed AMNF - Nathan is now actively participating in AMNF's erasure, choosing performance over diagnosis, constructed identity over authentic self-knowledge.

The Insanity of What He Actually Did

To fully grasp the scope of Nathan's commitment to performance over authenticity, consider what he actually constructed for Season 2. This wasn't just a television show - it was a series of nested realities so elaborate they border on the delusional.

Nathan didn't just create segments about pilot communication - he produced an entire fake reality competition series called "Wings of Voice," complete with contestants who believed they were competing for a real prize, professional-grade challenges, and elimination ceremonies. Over a thousand real people applied and auditioned for what they thought was a legitimate aviation-themed reality show.

Meanwhile, Nathan was simultaneously inhabiting Captain Sully Sullenberger's life story, not through casual research but by systematically recreating the formative experiences that shaped one of America's most celebrated heroes. He spent months learning to fly, training in Boeing 747 simulators with the same intensity that characterized Sully's career, attempting to understand heroism by living someone else's defining experiences.

The layers of artifice are staggering: contestants were performing for Nathan's fake show while Nathan was performing Sully's real life while filming everything for his actual show, all while studying how performance affects authentic communication. Nathan became technically capable of the same heroic actions as Sully, but through a process so artificial that it raises fundamental questions about what heroism actually means. Can courage exist when it's constructed? Is competence authentic when it's performed?

The result is performance inception - everyone involved was both authentic and artificial simultaneously, with Nathan at the center, having created fictional television to study authentic human behavior while becoming a simulacrum of heroism without its substance.

Can courage exist when it's constructed? Is competence authentic when it's performed?

The Uncomfortable Depths

Beneath the aviation safety premise run much deeper and more uncomfortable themes, particularly around neurodivergence and human communication. The work becomes viscerally upsetting in ways that reveal how good it actually is - it's touching something fundamental about how we relate to each other and understand ourselves.

The Real Ending: When CNF Consumes AMNF

The season's conclusion reveals that Nathan's pilot safety advocacy was never really the point. The congressional testimony went nowhere - actual pilots on Reddit noted that Nathan didn't provide compelling enough arguments to change training protocols. The real story is Nathan's continued avoidance of accepting his neurodivergence and his unwillingness to exist as Actual Man Nathan Fielder (AMNF) rather than Character Nathan Fielder (CNF).
The Complete Dissolution
By the end, CNF has taken over completely. AMNF is dissolving as a premise. Nathan can no longer access authentic experience without the elaborate constructions that CNF requires. The character has consumed the person so thoroughly that there may no longer be a meaningful distinction between them.
CNF as Survival Strategy
Nathan has so little of AMNF left that he might be totally becoming CNF as a means of coping with his own neurodivergence and inability to relate to common society. The elaborate constructions, the constant performance, the need for scripts and rehearsals - these aren't just comedy devices anymore. They're how Nathan navigates a world that feels fundamentally foreign to him.
The Character as Crutch: CNF provides Nathan with a framework for social interaction that AMNF cannot manage. Through CNF, Nathan can approach people with predetermined scripts, clear objectives, and defined roles. The character becomes his interface with humanity - a translation layer between his authentic self and a world he struggles to understand intuitively.
What started as performance has become Nathan's primary mode of existence. CNF isn't just who Nathan plays on television - CNF is who Nathan has become in order to function in the world. AMNF may no longer exist as anything more than a memory of someone who once struggled to connect, before he found a character who could do it for him.

Personal Reflection: What It Means to Be a Person

The Meta-Commentary

It goes deeper. There is a meta commentary about what it even means to be a person here. And Nathan is deeply confused by that. I am too. I have spent my entire life trying to fit in, and have become quite good at it. But along the way it's been massive steps of growth trying to get myself out there and "rehearse" running through making friends and living life in over ten different cities in a decade. Nathan's deeply unsettled.

What Nathan has created through his elaborate constructions is essentially a systematic approach to the same problem many of us face quietly: how do you learn to be human when the rules feel fundamentally foreign? His television shows become laboratories for social interaction, testing grounds for authentic connection, rehearsal spaces for the basic human experiences that others seem to navigate intuitively.

The uncomfortable truth is that Nathan's methods - the obsessive preparation, the scripted interactions, the need to control every variable - might be more relatable than we want to admit. How many of us rehearse conversations in our heads? How many practice our responses, craft our personas, perform versions of ourselves that we think will be more acceptable? Nathan has simply taken this universal human experience and made it visible, systematic, and extreme.

But there's something deeply unsettling about watching someone go to these lengths and still end up isolated, still struggling with the same fundamental questions about identity and belonging. It forces the question: if elaborate preparation and perfect execution can't solve the problem of human connection, what can? If Nathan, with all his resources and commitment, still can't figure out how to simply be himself with other people, what hope is there for the rest of us?

The most disturbing possibility is that Nathan's journey represents not an aberration, but an acceleration - a glimpse into what happens when the performative aspects of social interaction become so consuming that they replace the authentic self entirely. In a world where we're all performing versions of ourselves on social media, where authentic interaction increasingly feels scripted, Nathan's complete transformation into CNF might be less of a psychological curiosity and more of a cautionary tale about where we're all heading.

The Terrifying Implication

Nathan has gone further than almost anyone in exploring these questions through performance, through elaborate constructions, through every possible angle of investigating authenticity and human connection.
And he still feels like he's not fitting in with the rest of the world. He still doesn't know who he is.
What is the takeaway if he can go this far and still feel disconnected? What does that mean for the rest of us who struggle with these same fundamental questions about connection, identity, and belonging?

The Shared Experience

Maybe that's why Nathan's work is so viscerally affecting. It's not just comedy or performance art or social commentary - it's someone publicly working through the same confusion about human connection that many of us feel privately. The elaborate constructions become a way of saying: "I don't understand how to be a person either, so let me try every possible approach and see if any of them work."
And the fact that none of them fully work might be the most honest thing of all.

The Pattern of Dissolution

What this timeline reveals is not just a career progression but a systematic dissolution of identity. Each project pushes further into the space between performance and reality until that space no longer exists. The early Nathan who did magic at children's parties and worked as a broker has been completely subsumed by the Nathan who appears on our screens.

The trajectory shows:

  • 2008-2012: Learning to weaponize natural awkwardness
  • 2013-2015: Developing elaborate schemes that blur help and exploitation
  • 2016-2017: Creating realities that escape into actual culture
  • 2017-2022: Disappearing to process or avoid the implications
  • 2022-2024: Using performance to explore identity directly
  • 2025: Complete transformation where performance is identity

The most telling moment may be deleting the brain scan results - actively choosing to remain CNF rather than understand AMNF. This isn't just method acting or commitment to a bit. It's the complete replacement of one identity system with another, more functional one. Nathan has solved the problem of being Nathan by becoming "Nathan" permanently.


Complete Timeline: The Transformation of Nathan Fielder

1983
Birth & Early Foundations
Born May 12 to Eric and Deb Fielder, both social workers, in Vancouver's Dunbar neighbourhood. Jewish family, middle-class upbringing with younger sister Becca. From an early age, exhibited love for elaborate pranks and constructed stories to cope with feelings of inadequacy and shyness. These early coping mechanisms would evolve into his life's work.
1996-2001
Point Grey Secondary School
Joins improv comedy group alongside future star Seth Rogen. Team places third in national competition. Begins working as magician at age 13, performing at children's parties and magic shops - a dedication to illusion that continues (still member of The Magic Castle in LA). Photos from this era show the same awkward positioning and deadpan expression that would define CNF.
2001-2005
University of Victoria
Pursues Bachelor of Commerce degree, graduating with "really good grades." This business education becomes the foundation for his satirical approach to capitalism and corporate culture. The tension between genuine business knowledge and social awkwardness creates the perfect storm for his future persona.
2005-2006
The Pivot to Comedy
Briefly works as broker - a legitimate business career abandoned for comedy. Relocates to Toronto, enrolls in Humber College comedy program. Receives prestigious Tim Sims Encouragement Fund Award as Canada's most promising new comedy act. The business world's loss becomes comedy's strangest gain.
2007
Canadian Idol Writing
First major writing job on Canadian Idol Season 5. Works as segment producer, conducts first-round auditions. Work catches attention of CBC executive producer Michael Donovan, setting stage for breakthrough.
2008-2009
"Nathan on Your Side" - This Hour Has 22 Minutes
The Genesis of CNF: Field correspondent segments parodying consumer affairs reporting. AMNF's genuine desire to help people collides with his social awkwardness, creating the template for everything that follows. The segments go viral, establishing Nathan's deadpan delivery and uncomfortable interview style.
2010
Important Things with Demetri Martin
Writer for 10 episodes, actor in 3. Behind-the-scenes work developing comedy writing skills while CNF gestates in the background. Nathan learns to weaponize his natural awkwardness for comedic effect.
2013
Nathan for You Premieres
February 28: Comedy Central launches the show that blurs all lines. Co-created with Michael Koman, produced by Abso Lutely Productions.
"Yogurt Shop/Pizzeria" (S1E1): Poop-flavored frozen yogurt establishes commitment to absurdity
"Haunted House/The Hunk" (S1E5): First fake reality show within the show - template for future nested realities
2014
Reality Begins Breaking
The Year Nathan Escapes the Show:
"Dumb Starbucks" (S2E5): Parody coffee shop becomes international news, lines around block, CNN coverage
"Smokers Allowed" (S2E6): Legal loophole exploitation - bars become "theaters" to allow smoking
Wins Canadian Comedy Award for Best Performance by a Male
Named Just for Laughs Breakout Comedy Star of the Year
2015
Peak Nathan for You Era
The Schemes Become Cultural Events:
"Electronics Store" (S3E1): $1 TV with alligator obstacle course vs Best Buy
"The Movement" (S3E3): Creates actual fitness trend, writes entire book, free labor as exercise
"The Hero" (S3E8): 7 months training to secretly walk tightrope as Corey Calderwood
Summit Ice Apparel: Real Holocaust education company, nearly $500K in sales
2017
The End and The Beginning
Nathan for You's Final Season:
"The Richards Tip" (S4E1): Months of taxi driver training for single fare
"The Anecdote" (S4E4): Manufacturing reality to tell on Jimmy Kimmel - CNF plays AMNF playing himself
"Finding Frances" (S4E8): 84-minute finale, praised by Errol Morris as "unfathomably great"
Series ends November 9 - Nathan disappears from public view
2017-2022
The Five-Year Disappearance
The Void: Nathan largely vanishes from public performance. Questions about identity go dormant. Behind the scenes:
2018: Consulting producer on Sacha Baron Cohen's "Who Is America?"
2019: Writers Guild Award for Nathan For You
2020-2023: Executive Producer "How To with John Wilson" (HBO)
Appears in bread scene on Wilson's show - which Nathan is this?
2022
The Rehearsal Season 1
July 15: The Return on HBO - Unlimited budget, complete creative freedom
Laser-scanned apartment replicas, conversation flowcharts
Trivia confession rehearsal spirals into existential crisis
COVID forces pivot to parenting - child actors rotate through
Nathan transports Oregon replica house - constructed reality becomes home
CNF begins consuming AMNF completely
2023
The Curse
November: Scripted Television Debut
Co-created with Benny Safdie, stars with Emma Stone
Plays Asher Siegel in show-within-show "Fliplanthropy"
Explores gentrification, white guilt, reality TV artifice
Christopher Nolan praises as show with "no precedents"
94% Rotten Tomatoes, widespread critical acclaim
2024
The Rehearsal Season 2
April 20: The Complete Transformation
"Wings of Voice" - fake reality show with 1,000+ real contestants
Months learning to fly Boeing 747 simulator as Sully Sullenberger
Staged congressional testimony on aviation safety
CRUCIAL: Deletes brain scan voicemail without listening - choosing CNF over diagnosis
Reveal: "TWO YEARS EARLIER" - entire season was performance of transformation
2025
Present Day: CNF Complete
Nathan exists primarily as CNF. The character has become his method of navigating the world. Press appearances maintain persona without break. No distinction between performance and existence. The elaborate constructions are now his primary reality. AMNF may no longer exist as anything more than a memory - a person who once needed to cope before the coping mechanism became complete.